Surgery for BPH

Surgery for BPH


An enlarged prostate can cause bothersome symptoms for men including reduced flow, incomplete bladder emptying, having to go more often or dribbling. Medical management can be effective as an initial management, but surgical management may need to be considered if medication is not tolerated or hasn’t worked.

There are several surgical options for managing an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). Here are the main options, along with their indications, pros, cons, and ideal patient profiles:

1. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe urinary symptoms not responding to medication
  • Recurrent urinary tract infections
  • Bladder stones
  • Kidney damage

Pros:

  • Very effective at reducing symptoms
  • Immediate improvement in urine flow
  • Long-lasting results

Cons:

  • Risk of bleeding
  • Potential for retrograde ejaculation
  • Short hospital stay required
  • Risk of urinary incontinence (usually temporary)

Ideal patient:

  • Men with moderate to large prostate enlargement
  • Those who have failed medical therapy
  • Patients who can tolerate general anesthesia

Download the TURP patient information leaflet

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2. Laser prostate surgery (e.g. HoLEP, PVP)

Indications:

  • Similar to TURP, for moderate to severe symptoms

Pros:

  • Lower risk of bleeding compared to TURP
  • Shorter hospital stay
  • Quicker recovery
  • Can be used for very large prostates (especially HoLEP)

Cons:

  • May require specialized equipment and training
  • Potential for temporary urinary symptoms post-surgery

Ideal patient:

  • Men on blood thinners or with bleeding disorders
  • Those with very large prostates (HoLEP)
  • Patients seeking a quicker recovery

3. Transurethral incision of Prostate (TUIP)

Indications:

  • Mild to moderate symptoms
  • Smaller prostates

Pros:

  • Lower risk of retrograde ejaculation compared to TURP
  • Shorter procedure time
  • Can be done under local anesthesia

Cons:

  • Less effective for larger prostates
  • May need to be repeated

Ideal patient:

  • Men with smaller prostates (less than 30g)
  • Those concerned about preserving ejaculatory function

4. Prostate lift (e.g. UroLift)

Indications:

  • Moderate symptoms
  • Prostates less than 80g

Pros:

  • Minimally invasive
  • Preserves sexual function
  • Can be done under local anesthesia
  • Quick recovery

Cons:

  • Less effective than TURP for symptom relief
  • May not be suitable for very large prostates

Ideal patient:

  • Men concerned about sexual side effects
  • Those seeking a minimally invasive option
  • Patients with prostates under 80g

5. Water vapour thermal therapy (e.g. Rezum)

Indications:

  • Moderate symptoms
  • Prostates 30-80g

Pros:

  • Minimally invasive
  • Preserves sexual function
  • Can be done in an office setting

Cons:

  • May take several weeks to see full benefit
  • Less effective than TURP for very large prostates

Ideal patient:

  • Men seeking to preserve sexual function
  • Those preferring an office-based procedure
  • Patients with prostates 30-80g

Indications:

  • Moderate symptoms
  • Prostates 30-80g

6. Robotic waterjet treatment e.g. Aquablation)

Indications:

  • Moderate to severe symptoms
  • Larger prostates

Pros:

  • Precise tissue removal
  • Potentially lower risk of sexual side effects
  • Suitable for large prostates

Cons:

  • Requires general anesthesia
  • Limited long-term data

Ideal patient:

  • Men with larger prostates
  • Those concerned about precision and sexual side effects

Download the aquablation information leaflet

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7. Open or robot-assisted prostatectomy

Indications:

  • Very large prostates
  • Complications like bladder diverticula

Pros:

  • Effective for very large prostates
  • Can address complex cases

Cons:

  • More invasive
  • Longer recovery time
  • Higher risk of complications

Ideal patient:

  • Men with extremely large prostates (>80-100g)
  • Those with concurrent bladder issues needing repair

Download the robotic simple prostatectomy information leaflet

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The choice of procedure depends on prostate size, symptom severity, patient preferences, and overall health. Consultation with a urologist is crucial to determine the most appropriate option for each individual patient.