Prostate Cancer Signs: Early Symptoms and When to See a GP 

“Prostate cancer signs” simply means the changes you might notice that could suggest a problem with the prostate, including possible cancer. These can affect how you pass urine or your sexual function, or show up as pain or unexpected weight loss. It’s important to know that most men with early prostate cancer have no symptoms at all, and many common urinary changes are caused by non‑cancerous conditions such as an enlarged prostate or prostatitis. Signs are prompts to get checked, not a diagnosis.

This practical, UK-focused guide explains the common and early symptoms, why prostate cancer is often silent at first, and the red flags of more advanced disease. You’ll learn when to see a GP (and when to seek urgent care), who is at higher risk and may want a PSA blood test, how prostate symptoms overlap with other conditions, and what to expect from tests and appointments. We’ll also cover simple steps that can help while you wait, myths to ignore, and trusted sources of support. Let’s start with the most common signs and early symptoms.

What are the common prostate cancer signs and early symptoms

Most men with early prostate cancer have no symptoms. When prostate cancer signs do appear, they’re usually changes in the way you pass urine or, less commonly, sexual function. Remember: these symptoms are more often caused by benign conditions such as an enlarged prostate or prostatitis, but new or persistent changes are worth a GP check.

• Difficulty starting to urinate: needing to strain or wait for the flow to begin.
• Weak or stop–start flow: a reduced stream or intermittent flow.
• Urinating more often, especially at night (nocturia).
• Urgency to pee, sometimes with leakage before reaching the toilet.
• Feeling the bladder hasn’t emptied fully or post‑urination dribbling.
• Blood in urine or semen (haematuria/haemospermia).
• Erectile difficulties: problems getting or keeping an erection.

Having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, but if they are new, persistent, or getting worse, book a GP appointment. The next section explains why early prostate cancer often causes no symptoms at all.

Why early prostate cancer often causes no symptoms

Early prostate cancer is frequently silent because it usually begins on the outer part of the prostate, away from the urethra (the tube that carries urine). Without pressure on the urethra, you won’t notice typical urinary changes. Many prostate cancers also grow slowly, so they can remain small and symptom‑free for years. By contrast, non‑cancerous enlargement of the prostate commonly occurs nearer the urethra and is more likely to cause urinary symptoms. Signs tend to appear when cancer has grown enough to affect the urethra or has broken out of the prostate or spread, which is why new symptoms can sometimes signal more advanced disease. The key point: no symptoms doesn’t mean no risk—especially if you’re in a higher‑risk group—so discussing PSA testing with a GP can be sensible.

Symptoms of advanced prostate cancer and red flags

When prostate cancer grows beyond the prostate or spreads (advanced or metastatic disease), symptoms are more noticeable and often occur outside the urinary tract. Bone involvement is common, so persistent aches in the back, hips or pelvis may appear. Energy levels, weight, erections and bladder control can also change. These prostate cancer signs don’t confirm cancer, but persistent or progressive problems are red flags that should be assessed promptly.

• Ongoing back, hip or pelvic pain: especially if it’s deep, persistent or worsening.
• Unexplained weight loss or marked fatigue: losing weight without trying, or feeling very tired.
• Blood in urine or semen: even a single episode should be discussed with a GP.
• New or worsening erectile dysfunction: difficulty achieving or keeping an erection.
• Accidental leaking of urine or new incontinence: or trouble starting to pass urine.
• Weakness, numbness or tingling in the legs or arms: can indicate spread affecting the spine.

If you notice any of these red flags—particularly blood in urine or semen, persistent bone pain, or new limb weakness—seek medical advice without delay.

When to see a GP and when to seek urgent care

Most prostate cancer signs are not an emergency, but don’t wait and see if symptoms are new, persistent, or getting worse. A timely GP assessment can rule out common benign causes, arrange a PSA blood test, and fast‑track you if cancer is suspected.

• Book a routine GP appointment if you have: difficulty starting or a weak/stop–start flow; going more often or at night; urgency or leakage; a feeling you haven’t emptied fully; erectile difficulties; blood in urine or semen; persistent back, hip or pelvic pain; unexplained weight loss or marked fatigue.

• Seek same‑day urgent care (NHS 111, urgent treatment centre or A&E) if you have: inability to pass urine at all; heavy visible blood in urine (especially with clots); new weakness, numbness or tingling in the legs or arms, trouble walking, or new incontinence; severe, worsening back pain with nerve‑type symptoms; or unexplained fevers with urinary symptoms.

If you’re unsure, call NHS 111 for advice. Prompt review helps protect your health and, if cancer is found, improves outcomes.

Who is at higher risk and should consider a PSA test

Even without prostate cancer signs, some men have a higher risk and should talk to their GP about a PSA blood test. The PSA test isn’t a diagnosis, but it can flag prostate problems and help decide if further checks are needed. Your GP will explain benefits and downsides so you can make an informed choice.

• Age 50 or over: risk rises with age.
• Black ethnic background (African or Caribbean heritage): higher risk and cancers can present earlier.
• Family history: a father, brother or close relative with prostate cancer, especially if diagnosed under 60 or if more than one relative is affected.
• Inherited gene changes: known BRCA1/BRCA2 changes or strong family history of breast/ovarian cancer.
• Higher body weight (obesity): linked with faster‑growing disease.

If you’re in any of these groups, consider a PSA test even if you feel well. A quick conversation with your GP can clarify the right timing for you.

How prostate cancer signs overlap with other conditions

Prostate cancer signs often overlap with far more common, non‑cancer problems. Early cancers rarely press on the urethra, so when urinary changes occur they’re frequently due to an enlarged prostate or infection. Likewise, back or pelvic aches, erectile difficulties, and blood in urine or semen can have other explanations. That’s why a GP assessment helps separate routine conditions from anything that needs fast‑tracking.

• Enlarged prostate (BPH): very common after 50; causes weak flow, hesitancy, nocturia and urgency.
• Prostatitis: inflammation/infection can mimic urinary symptoms and pelvic discomfort; often short‑lived.
• Urinary infection (UTI): burning, frequency and urgency; a simple urine test helps rule this out.
• Musculoskeletal pain: back/hip pain is common and usually unrelated to the prostate.
• Blood in urine or semen, and erectile issues: can occur with non‑cancer prostate problems; still worth prompt GP review.

What to expect at your GP appointment

Your GP’s aim is to work out whether your symptoms are most likely due to a common benign problem or whether you need tests for prostate cancer. Try not to be embarrassed—GPs and nurses discuss these issues every day. You can ask for a male or female clinician if available, request a chaperone, and bring a partner or friend for support.

• History and risk check: symptoms, how long they’ve lasted, medicines, and family history (prostate, breast or ovarian cancer).
• Urine test: to rule out infection.
• Physical exam (DRE): a gloved, lubricated finger gently checks the prostate via the back passage.
• PSA discussion: your GP may offer a PSA blood test and explain benefits and downsides; it’s not a diagnosis and results usually take 1–2 weeks.
• Next steps: advice, symptom‑management, a plan to review results, and—if cancer is suspected—an urgent referral for further tests.

Bring any previous results and a note of your symptoms and questions to make the most of the appointment.

The PSA blood test: pros, cons and how to prepare

The PSA test is a simple blood test that measures prostate‑specific antigen, a protein made by the prostate. It can suggest if there’s a problem affecting the prostate but it cannot tell you if you have prostate cancer. If your PSA is raised, you’ll need further tests to confirm whether it’s cancer or something less serious, such as an enlarged prostate or prostatitis. Results usually take 1–2 weeks.

• Pros:

  • Simple and accessible: can be arranged by your GP.
  • Early flag: may pick up prostate problems before symptoms or prompt timely checks.
  • Guides next steps: helps decide if other tests (such as scans or biopsy) are needed.

• Cons:

  • Not a diagnosis: PSA alone can’t confirm or exclude cancer.
  • Non‑cancer causes: infections or an enlarged prostate can raise PSA and still lead to further tests.
  • Needs context: results must be interpreted with your symptoms, exam and risk factors.

• How to prepare:

  • Discuss benefits and risks with your GP to decide if PSA testing is right for you.
  • Bring details of symptoms, family history (prostate/breast/ovarian cancer) and medicines.
  • Expect a urine test first to rule out infection.
  • Plan follow‑up to review your PSA result in 1–2 weeks and agree next steps.

Tests you may have next (mpMRI, biopsy and staging)

If your PSA, examination or symptoms raise concern, you’ll usually be referred for specialist tests. In many UK centres an mpMRI scan is done first to look for suspicious areas and to help decide whether a biopsy is needed. Sometimes, if the PSA is very high, scans may be arranged before any biopsy to check if the cancer has spread.

• mpMRI (multi‑parametric MRI): Shows if there are areas in the prostate that look worrying and helps target any biopsy to the right spot, or occasionally avoid biopsy if risk appears low.
• Prostate biopsy: Needle samples confirm whether cancer is present. Results include a Gleason score (how aggressive the cells look), which helps guide treatment decisions.
• Staging scans: If cancer is found—or if PSA is very high—tests check if it has spread. These may include a CT scan, bone scan, and in some cases a PSMA PET scan or further MRI, depending on your risk profile.
• Risk grouping and plan: Combining PSA, mpMRI, biopsy and scans allows your team to place you in a risk category and recommend next steps, from active surveillance to treatment.

Tracking your symptoms and preparing for your appointment

Tracking possible prostate cancer signs helps your GP spot patterns and decide quickly on the right tests. If you can, keep a simple 1–2 week diary noting when you urinate, night‑time trips, urgency or leakage, flow strength, straining, pain, any blood in urine or semen, erections, energy and weight changes. Also jot down triggers (for example caffeine, alcohol, strenuous activity) and any fevers.

• Symptom diary: times, frequency, nocturia, urgency/leakage, and a 1–10 flow/straining score.
• Pain log: back/hip/pelvis location, 0–10 severity, what helps or worsens it.
• Blood episodes: describe colour (pink/red/cola‑coloured) and if clots were present.
• Medicines and supplements: include over‑the‑counter and herbal products.
• Family history: prostate, breast or ovarian cancers and ages at diagnosis.
• Previous results: PSA dates/values or prior urology letters if you have them.
• Questions list: what you want answered so nothing is missed.
• On the day: avoid passing urine just before the visit in case a sample is needed.

Practical steps that may ease urinary symptoms while you wait

While you wait for tests or appointments, small changes can ease bladder symptoms linked with prostate cancer signs and common benign problems. These tips won’t treat cancer, but they often reduce frequency, urgency and night‑time trips, helping you feel more in control day to day without risk.

• Adjust fluids: Sip water; cut caffeine/alcohol; stop drinks 2–3 hours before bed.
• Double voiding: After you finish, wait a moment, relax, then try again.
• Bladder training: Go on a schedule; gradually lengthen the time between trips.
• Pelvic floor exercises: Gentle squeezes several times daily; ask a physio if unsure.
• Manage constipation: More fibre and movement; avoid straining on the toilet.
• Warmth and movement: Light walking or a warm bath can relax pelvic muscles.
• Medicine check: Some cold remedies worsen flow; ask a pharmacist for alternatives.

If you develop fever, severe back pain, new leg weakness, or can’t pass urine, seek same‑day care.

Common myths about prostate cancer signs

Misunderstandings about prostate cancer signs delay men from getting timely checks. The truth is that most early prostate cancers are silent, while the common urinary changes many men notice are usually due to benign problems. Use these evidence‑based corrections to guide sensible next steps.

• “Urinary symptoms mean cancer.” Usually it’s an enlarged prostate or prostatitis.
• “No symptoms means no cancer.” Early prostate cancer often causes none at all.
• “A normal PSA rules cancer out.” PSA isn’t diagnostic; results need context and follow‑up.
• “Blood in urine is always harmless.” It isn’t—see your GP promptly.
• “You can self‑check for prostate cancer.” You can’t; GP tests are needed.
• “It only affects very old men.” Risk rises with age, but men in their 50s—and those who are Black or have a family history—can be affected.

How private urology can help you get answers sooner

If waiting and worry are weighing on you, seeing a private urologist can shorten the time from first symptoms to clarity. You’ll have one expert guiding you discreetly through assessment, modern diagnostics and a clear plan, with continuity of care throughout. For many men, that means faster access to PSA interpretation, high‑quality imaging, and targeted tests when needed, alongside balanced advice on surveillance or treatment, including suitability for robotic surgery, and trusted second opinions.

• Quicker access: timely consultation and coordinated tests (PSA, mpMRI, targeted biopsy if indicated).
• Clarity and control: clear explanations of results and personalised next steps.
• Expert decision‑making: evidence‑based discussion of options (active surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy pathways).
• Continuity and discretion: the same specialist, private setting, flexible appointments.

Where to find reliable information and support in the UK

If you’re searching online about prostate cancer signs, stick to trusted UK sources. Quality sites will help you judge symptoms, know when to see a GP, and understand tests like PSA, mpMRI and biopsy. They can also offer practical and emotional support while you wait for results or treatment.

• NHS: Clear guidance on symptoms, when to seek help, GP assessments and PSA testing.
• Prostate Cancer UK: Evidence-based information on risk, PSA and diagnostics, a quick risk checker, and access to Specialist Nurses for tailored advice.
• Cancer Research UK: Balanced explanations of symptoms, tests, staging and treatment options.
• NHS 111: 24/7 telephone advice if symptoms worsen or you’re unsure what to do next.
• Your GP and local urology service: Personalised assessment, coordination of tests and ongoing support.

Questions to ask your GP or urologist

Going in with a clear set of questions can make your appointment faster, calmer and more productive. Use the list below to clarify what your prostate cancer signs could mean, which tests you need and when, and how quickly you’ll get results and next steps. Bring this on your phone or print it.

• **What could be causing my symptoms—**enlarged prostate, prostatitis, or cancer?
• Given my risk, should I have a PSA now? How will you interpret it?
• What should I avoid before a PSA test, and when would we repeat it?
• Do I need a digital rectal exam or mpMRI first, and how soon?
• If my scan is suspicious, will I need a biopsy, and what are the risks?
• If cancer is found, what is the grade/stage, and what are my options?
• What side effects should I expect from surveillance, surgery or radiotherapy?
• How can I ease symptoms now, and are medicines appropriate?
• Which red flags need urgent care, such as urinary retention or visible haematuria?
• What is the follow‑up plan, timelines for results, and who do I contact if things change?

Key takeaways and next steps

Most early prostate cancers cause no symptoms; many urinary changes are benign. New, persistent changes still warrant a GP check, and red flags such as visible blood, persistent bone pain or leg weakness need prompt assessment. If you’re 50+, Black, or have a strong family history, discuss PSA testing. Acting early brings clarity sooner and, when needed, widens your treatment choices.

• Book a GP appointment: for new or worsening urinary or sexual symptoms.
• Seek urgent care: urinary retention, heavy haematuria, limb weakness, severe back pain.
• Consider PSA testing: if higher risk, even without symptoms.
• Keep a short symptom diary: frequency, nocturia, pain, any blood, medicines.
• Go prepared: urine test, DRE and PSA discussion, agree follow‑up.

For faster, discreet specialist assessment and coordinated tests, consider contacting Ashwin Sridhar Urology to explore private options.